不同疾病状态病人的心理状况调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of the Psychological Status of Patients with Different Disease States

摘要: 目的：了解不同疾病状态病人的心理状态，为不同疾病病人的心理护理提供参考依据。方法：采用整群分层抽样的方法，对糖尿病、甲状腺、胃溃疡、肠息肉、肝胆胰腺及肾炎疾病的68名病人和49名家属进行调查，分别用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、孤独量表(UCLA)和自信心量表评定其心理健康水平。结果：SCL-90评分中病人的各项因子分数均明显高于家属，躯体化和强迫症状因子无明显差异，其它因子有显著性差异(P < 0.05)。女病人人际敏感因子分高于男病人(P < 0.05)，而其它因子则无明显差异(P > 0.05)。不同疾病间SCL-90各因子分无明显差异(P > 0.05)。病人及家属的SAS、SDS评分明显高于中国常模，与中国常模比较，均有明显差异(P < 0.05)。不同疾病病人中，糖尿病病人的SCL-90阳性检出率最低，其它疾病约有70%以上的病人筛查出阳性。且70%以上的病人感到高度孤独、缺乏自信。结论：该医院病人及家属存在不同程度的心理问题。应积极开展心理健康教育，需要时进行心理治疗，以提高不同疾病病人及家属的心理健康水平。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the psychological status of patients with different disease states and provide a reference basis for the psychological care of patients with different diseases. Methods: Sixty-eight patients and forty-nine family members with diabetes, thyroid, gastric ulcer, intestinal polyp, hepatobiliary-pancreatic, and nephritis diseases were surveyed using a whole-group stratified sampling method, and their level of mental health was assessed by Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), University of California at Los Angels (UCLA), and Self-confidence Scale, respectively. Results: SCL-90 scores were significantly higher in patients than in family members for all factors, with no significant dif-ferences for the somatization and obsessive-compulsive symptoms factors and significant differ-ences for the other factors (P < 0.05). Interpersonal sensitivity factor scores were higher in female patients than in male patients (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in other factors (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of each factor between diseases (P > 0.05). The SAS and SDS scores of patients and their family members were significantly higher than those of the Chinese normative model, and all of them were significantly different from the Chinese normative model (P < 0.05). Among patients with different diseases, the positive rate of SCL-90 in patients with diabetes was the lowest, and more than 70% of patients with other diseases were screened positive. And more than 70% of the patients felt highly isolated and lacked self-confidence. Conclusion: The patients and their families in this hospital have various psychological problems. Hospitals should actively carry out mental health education and provide psychological treatment when needed to improve the mental health level of patients and their families with different dis-eases.