基于问题图谱的铁路客站导向系统现状研究

The Current Situation of Railway Station Guidance System Based on Issue Mapping

摘要: 随着城市化进程的快速发展，人们的出行需求日益多元化。铁路客站作为满足人们重要出行需求的基础设施，正逐渐向综合化、多元化和站城融合的复合型交通枢纽演变。这一空间形态的转变给铁路客站导向系统设计带来了巨大挑战，即如何在复杂的交通空间环境中为人们提供有效的寻路工具。本文依托高铁用户出行体验问题数据库，采用问题图谱工具分析铁路客站导向标识现存的典型问题，并与国家推荐性标准中对应的设计要求作对比分析。分析结果表明，铁路客站导向系统的消极体验主要集中于载体布局和设置形式混乱、环境系统与导向系统使用需求不匹配、信息和视觉呈现较差等方面。这些现象的根源在于导向系统设计指南的落实不到位以及设计指南细节的缺失。对此，本文提出了系统性的解决策略，包括构建导向系统设计知识库、建立人机协同设计机制以及加强设计系统内外沟通，为提高导向系统的设计质量和用户体验提供方法基础。综上，本文基于铁路客站导向系统的现状进行了系统而深入的分析，并通过定位深层设计问题为导向系统设计质量的提升提供了新的设计方法，助力构建良好的铁路出行体验。

Abstract: With the rapid development of urbanization, people’s travel needs are becoming increasingly diversified. As a basic infrastructure to meet people’s important travel needs, railway stations are gradually evolving into comprehensive, diversified, and integrated transport hubs. This transformation in spatial form poses great challenges to the design of railway station guidance systems, namely, how to provide effective way finding tools for people in complex traffic environments. Based on the database of high-speed rail user travel experience problems, this study uses issue mapping tools to analyze the typical problems of railway station guidance signage and locates the root cause by comparing the negative experience with the corresponding recommendations in the national standards. The analysis results show that the negative experience of the railway station guidance system mainly focuses on confusing layout and setting forms, mismatched usage demands between the environmental system and guidance system, poor presentation of information and visuals. The root cause of these phenomena lies in the inadequate implementation of design guidelines for guidance systems and the lack of detail in design guidelines. To address these problems, this study proposes systematic solutions, including constructing a knowledge base for guidance system design, establishing a human-machine collaborative design mechanism, and strengthening communication within and outside the design system, providing methodological foundations for improving the design quality and user experience of guidance systems. Overall, this study conducts a systematic and in-depth analysis based on the current situation of railway station guidance systems and provides new design methods by locating deep design problems for improving the quality of guidance system design, which helps to build a better railway travel experience.