大学生体型焦虑调查及学校社会工作介入——以X大学为例

Investigation on Body Type Anxiety of College Students and School Social Work Intervention—Taking X University as an Example

摘要: 在当代社会奉行“瘦即是美”的形体审美价值取向的影响下，越来越多的大学生对“瘦”存在过度追求，形成非理性的形体认知和减肥意向，进而对其社会心理产生一系列负面问题，如体型焦虑、抑郁等。据此，本研究以X大学大学生为例，通过研究大学生的形体认知偏差、减肥意向和体型焦虑现状，探究有效降低大学生体型焦虑的因素，为有效缓解大学生体型焦虑状况提供实证依据。文章通过对X大学大学生的分析，得出以下研究发现：首先，体型焦虑在大学生中具有普遍性和严重性；其次大学生均存在不同程度的形体认知偏差，同时所有大学生都表明了不同程度的减肥意向。进一步分析表明，形体认知偏差和减肥意向能够显著预测大学生体型焦虑，且形体认知偏差能显著预测大学生减肥意向水平；减肥意向在形体认知偏差和体型焦虑之间存在中介或部分中介作用，即形体认知偏差不仅对体型焦虑有直接的影响，还通过减肥意向影响大学生的体型焦虑水平。据此本研究提出通过学校社会工作介入，帮助大学生修正和形成合理的形体认知和减肥意向，进而有效缓解其体型焦虑。在此基础上，并结合社会工作专业方法，以事前–事中–事后干预路径，为改善其体型焦虑问题提供具体的社会工作介入策略。

Abstract: Under the influence of the body aesthetic value orientation of “thinness is beauty” in contempo-rary society, more and more college students have excessive pursuit of “thinness”, forming irra-tional body recognition and weight loss intention, and thus producing a series of negative prob-lems on their social psychology, such as body anxiety and depression. Based on this, this study takes X University students as an example to explore the factors that can effectively reduce the body anxiety of college students by studying their body cognitive bias, weight loss intention and body anxiety, and provide empirical evidence for effectively alleviating the body anxiety of college students. Based on the analysis of X University students, this paper draws the following findings: First, body type anxiety is universal and serious among college students; secondly, college students all have different degrees of body cognitive bias, and all college students show different degrees of intention to lose weight. Further analysis shows that body cognitive bias and weight loss intention can significantly predict the body anxiety of college students, and body cognitive bias can significantly predict the level of weight loss intention of college students. Weight loss intention has a mediating or partial mediating effect between body shape cognitive bias and body shape anxiety, that is, body shape cognitive bias not only has a direct impact on body shape anxiety, but also affects the level of body shape anxiety of college students through weight loss intention. On the basis of this study, it is proposed to help college students modify and form reasonable body recognition and weight loss intention through the intervention of school social work, so as to effectively relieve their body anxiety. On this basis, combined with the professional methods of social work, through the pre-event-post-intervention path, specific social work intervention strategies are provided to improve the problem of body type anxiety.