代际互动对农村老年人的多维贫困影响及机制研究

The Impact and Mechanism of Intergeneration Interaction on Mulitdimensional Poverty among Rural Elderly

摘要: 目的：多维贫困的出现严重影响农村老年人的生活，仅凭农村老年人的经济收入水平作为农村老年人是否贫困的唯一标准是不合理的。农村老年人面临的贫困包括幸福感和生活质量的不富足而造成的贫困，暨目前农村老年人面临的是多维贫困。方法：使用CLHLS (2018)农村老年人样本数据，通过A-F方法构建农村老年多维贫困指标，通过获取子女代际支持数据了解农村老年人多维贫困是否会受到代际支持影响及影响机制。运用PSM方法保证样本的内生性问题进行实证检验，使用逐步中介效应进行机制检验。结果：代际的经济支持对农村老年人多维贫困的回归结果不显著结果与已有文献得出结论相反。代际精神支持对农村老年人多维贫困具有显著的负向影响。存在中介效应，代暨代际互动中的精神支持具有提高代际质量的作用，通过提高代际质量有助于缓解老年贫困并降低老年贫困率的发生。结论：提出了建立老年友好型社区，重构家庭养老基础功能；加快发展本地投入和建设；重点发展本土产业的三点建议。

Abstract: The emergence of multidimensional poverty seriously affects the lives of rural elderly people, and it is unreasonable to rely only on the economic income level of rural elderly people as the only criterion for whether rural elderly people are poor. The poverty faced by the rural elderly includes poverty caused by the lack of happiness and quality of life, and the current multidimensional poverty faced by the rural elderly. Using CLHLS (2018) rural elderly sample data, the A-F method was used to construct a multidimensional poverty index for the rural elderly, and the intergenerational support data of children were obtained to understand whether the multidimensional poverty of the rural elderly would be affected by intergenerational support and its mechanism. The PSM method was used to ensure the endogenous problem of the sample for empirical testing, and the stepwise mediation effect was used for mechanism testing. The return of intergenerational economic support to multidimensional poverty in rural elderly people was not significant, and the results were contrary to the conclusions of the existing literature. Intergenerational spiritual support has a significant negative impact on multidimensional poverty of rural elderly. There is a mediating effect, and the spiritual support in generational and intergenerational interaction has the effect of improving intergenerational quality, which helps alleviate poverty in old age and reduce the incidence of poverty in old age by improving intergenerational quality. It is proposed to establish an age-friendly community and reconstruct the basic functions of family pension. Accelerate the development of local investment and construction; Three suggestions for focusing on the development of local industries.