土地流转背景下的农村家庭养老制度发展探析

Analysis on the Development of Rural Family Elderly Care System under the Background of Land Transfer

摘要: 对于农村老年人来说，土地是养老的保障，家庭养老是老年人主要选择的养老方式，家庭养老是父代与子代之间义务与责任的转移，是具有延时性的资源交换，土地流转保留了农民的承包权，将土地的经营权或使用权转移出去，以此来获取非农收入。对土地流转和农村家庭养老进行关联性分析发现，土地流转能够在一定程度上提高家庭的非农收入，但也会导致农村青壮年劳动力流至其他城市，从而使代际居住距离扩大。提出通过做好农村劳动力就近就业创业服务工作、完善土地流转相关法规和办法、强化土地流转后的利用监督机制、加快构建农村老年人关爱服务体系的举措来进一步缓解当前情况。

Abstract: For the elderly in rural areas, land is the guarantee for old-age care, and family old-age care is the main way of old-age care for the elderly. Family old-age care is the transfer of obligations and responsibilities between the parents and children, which is a delayed resource exchange. Land transfer retains farmers’ contract right and transfers the right of management or use of land, so as to obtain non-agricultural income. The correlation analysis of land transfer and rural family pension shows that land transfer can increase the non-agricultural income of the family to a certain extent, but it will also lead to the flow of rural young and middle-aged labor to other cities, thus widening the intergenerational living distance. To further alleviate the current situation, it is proposed to do a good job in the nearby employment and entrepreneurship services for rural labor, improve the relevant laws and regulations of land transfer, strengthen the supervision mechanism of land use after land transfer, and accelerate the construction of rural elderly care service system.