老年人互助养老参与意愿影响因素研究——基于ISM模型

A Study on the Influencing Factors of the Elderly’s Willingness to Participate in Mutual Support for the Aged—Based on ISM Model

摘要: 人口老龄化是经济社会发展到一定阶段的必然结果，是不以人的意志为转移的客观规律，世界各国或迟或早都将面临。在人口老龄化趋势加剧的情况下，一种全新的养老模式，互助养老对于解决养老问题发挥了重要功能。本文从基本特征、家庭情况、社会支持情况及社会参与情况等4个维度出发，得出13个相关因素，运用ISM模型分析因素之间相互关系以及影响路径，绘制出多层递阶结构图，分析因素影响机理。结果表明，邻里关系、参与社区组织活动的频率、子女支持情况是影响老年人互助养老参与意愿的表层影响因素；空闲时间、对互助养老的认知情况、政策支持情况、健康状况自评、居住方式、年龄、子女数量与经济支持情况是中间层影响因素；家庭收入、文化程度是深层影响因素。

Abstract: The aging of the population is an inevitable result of economic and social development at a certain stage, and is an objective law that cannot be changed by human will. All countries in the world will sooner or later face this phenomenon. With the trend of aging population intensifying, a new pension mode, mutual assistance pension, has played an important role in solving the problem of pension. This article analyzes 13 related factors from four dimensions: basic characteristics, family situations, social support, and social participation. Using the ISM model, it analyzes the relationship between the factors and the influencing path, and draws a multi-layered hierarchical structure diagram to analyze the influencing mechanism of the factors. The results indicate that neighbor relationships, frequency of participation in community organization activities, and support from children are surface-level influencing factors that affect the willingness of el-derly people to participate in mutual assistance and care. Intermediate-level influencing factors include leisure time, understanding of mutual assistance and care for the elderly, policy support, self-evaluation of health status, living arrangements, age, number of children, and financial support. Family income and education level are deep-level influencing factors.