油气管道应力监测系统研究与现场应用

Research and Field Application of Oil and Gas Pipeline Stress Monitoring System

摘要: 长输油气管道沿线地质条件复杂，易发生各类自然灾害，造成管道的变形、断裂失效，严重影响管道的安全运行。因此，亟需开展对管道安全状态实时监测预警系统，实现管道的即时安全性评估，降低运行风险。本文首先优选了一种电阻式应变片监测管道应力变化，并对应变片贴片方案进行了评估优化；然后设计室内实验开展了温度补偿系统方案的可靠性验证；与此同时，基于理论计算将应力转化为周向、斜向以及轴向应变并分析了监测结果精度，最后将系统应用于现场管道应力监测。结果表明：设计管道周向4个应变片均匀分布的贴片方案合理，系统采用的温度补偿方案可靠性高，轴向与斜向的应变结果与计算结果匹配度好，轴向应变在工程应用上也具有较高精度；系统设计了应变预警并进行现场应用，监测结果准确、系统稳定性高。利用该系统可以评估管道的安全状况，提高了自然灾害预警能力，保障了油气管道的安全运行。

Abstract: Long-distance oil and gas pipelines’ complicated geological circumstances make them vulnerable to a variety of natural calamities, which substantially jeopardize their ability to operate safely by causing deformation and fracture failure. Therefore, in order to immediately assess the safety of pipelines and lower operating risks, real-time monitoring and early warning systems for pipeline safety status must be implemented. The stress was converted into circumferential, diagonal, and axial strains based on theoretical calculations at the same time the resistive strain gauge was chosen to monitor the pipeline stress changes, and the strain gauge patching scheme was evaluated and optimized. Finally, an indoor experiment was designed to verify the validity of the temperature compensation system scheme. The outcomes demonstrate the reasonableness of the patch scheme with a uniform distribution of four strain gauges around the designed pipe, the high reliability of the temperature compensation method used by the system, good agreement between the measured and calculated strains in the axial and oblique directions, and the high accuracy of the axial strain in engineering applications; The system has a high degree of system stability, reliable monitoring findings, and is intended for field application and strain warning. By using the technology, the safety state of the pipeline may be evaluated, enhancing the ability to warn of natural disasters and ensuring that oil and gas pipelines operate safely.