可降解塑料及其微生物降解研究进展

Research Progress on Biodegradable Plastics and Their Microbial Degradation

摘要: 为了缓解塑料制品广泛使用造成的环境污染，人们逐渐使用可降解塑料代替传统塑料。根据后期处理方式的差异，可降解塑料主要可分为四大类：光降解塑料、生物降解塑料、化学降解塑料、光/氧–生物复合降解塑料。其中，生物降解塑料的应用最为广泛。根据化学结构和性能上的不同，目前常用的可降解塑料主要可分为聚α-羟基酸类、二元酸二元醇共聚酯类、聚羟基烷酸酯类及淀粉基类。本文我们综述了近年来国内外研究者针对以上四类生物降解塑料的降解条件及机理等相关研究进展，并整理了可降解生物塑料的主要微生物研究及种类等信息，有助于对可降解塑料的深入认识、新型可降解塑料的研制及优质降解方法的开发。

Abstract: In order to alleviate the environmental pollution caused by the widespread use of plastic products, people gradually use biodegradable plastics instead of traditional plastics. According to the difference of post-processing methods, degradable plastics can be divided into four categories: photodegradation plastics, biological degradation plastics, chemical degradation plastics, light/oxygen- biological composite degradation plastics. Among them, biodegradable plastics are the most widely used. According to the different chemical structures and properties, the commonly used degradable plastics can be divided into poly-α-hydroxy acids, dibasic acid diol copolyesters, polyhydroxyalkanoates and starch-based plastics. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress on the degradation conditions and mechanisms of the above four types of biodegradable plastics by domestic and foreign researchers in recent years, and sorted out the main microbial research and types of biodegradable plastics, which is helpful for the in-depth understanding of biodegradable plastics, the development of new biodegradable plastics and the development of high-quality degradation methods.