基于区块链的可控监管匿名交易方案

Secure Anonymous Regulated Transaction Scheme Based on Blockchain

摘要: 由于区块链技术的公开透明特性，大量交易以明文形式存储在公共网络上，对区块链参与者的隐私保护提出了重大挑战。然而，现有的研究方案大多过于强调匿名性，忽略了交易参与者之间的信息不对称。这导致恶意犯罪者的成本较低，且缺乏可控性和监督，难以在现实环境中应用。本文主要研究两个问题:如何在区块链网络中实现完全匿名交易，以及如何对交易双方的恶意行为进行跟踪和规范，并进行有效的惩罚。本文提出了一种安全、匿名、可审计的交易方案。在该方案中，交易发起方和响应方通过共同计算产生一个隐私地址，并利用承诺机制隐藏交易金额。此外，引入监管方对每笔交易进行验证和跟踪，既实现了可控监管，又降低了交易双方的计算负担。最后，采用挑战-响应机制，使监管方能够识别欺诈者并进行处罚。实验结果与分析表明，所提方案能够在区块链中有效实现匿名交易，适用于恶意模型。

Abstract: Due to the public and transparent properties of blockchain technology, a large number of transactions are stored in plaintext on the public network, presenting significant challenges for the privacy protection of blockchain participants. However, most existing research solutions excessively emphasize anonymity and ignore the information asymmetry between the participants of a transaction. This leads to lower costs for malicious perpetrators and a lack of controllability and supervision, making it difficult to apply in the real-world environment. This paper primarily investigates two issues: how to achieve fully anonymous transactions in the blockchain network, and how to track and regulate malicious behavior by both parties involved in a transaction and impose effective punishment. In this paper, we propose a secure, anonymous, and auditable transaction scheme in which the initiating and responding parties jointly perform calculations to generate a hidden address and utilize a commitment mechanism to conceal the transaction amount. In addition, a regulatory party is introduced to verify and track each transaction, which not only achieves controllable supervision but also reduces the computational burden for both parties involved in a transaction. Finally, a challenge-response mechanism is used to enable the regulatory party to identify cheaters and impose penalties. The experimental results and analy-sis demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively achieve anonymous transactions in a blockchain and is applicable to malicious models.