基于便携式GNSS接收机的“国土调查云”外置定位增强设备选型研究

Research on the Selection of External Positioning Enhancement Devices for “National Survey Cloud” Based on Portable GNSS Receivers

摘要: 为满足“国土调查云”对高精度地面数据持续采集和外业调查的工作要求，本文基于便携式GNSS接收机，开展移动终端的外置定位增强设备选型研究。首先，本文提出了在线绘制点线面数据、站立搜索、红线侵占分析、举证照片高精度位置标签、空间属性验核等五个“国土调查云”的高精度定位场景。其次，深入分析了便携式GNSS接收机各个关键组成部件及其功能特点，给出各部件的选型建议。随后，初选符合应用条件的北斗探针单频版、北斗探针双频版、LiteRTK全频版三款设备开展进一步定位性能测试。最终，综合分析推荐选用北斗探针双频版和LiteRTK全频版作为外置定位增强设备。北斗探针双频版在大多数场景下均能够稳定收敛至固定解，达到厘米级定位精度，全时段定位精度稳定在亚米级，适合手持作业场景使用。LiteRTK全频版定位性能媲美传统测地型GNSS接收机，在不同遮挡程度测试环境下均能实现瞬时厘米级定位精度，适合精确打点作业场景和复杂环境下手持作业场景使用。本文的研究成果将有助于推动北斗高精度位置服务在“国土调查云”中的创新应用，促进高精度外业数据采集和智能调查的体系的发展。

Abstract: To meet the requirements of the National Land Survey Cloud for continuous collection of high- precision ground data and field survey work, this study is based on a portable GNSS receiver and carries out research on the selection of external positioning enhancement equipment for mobile terminals. Firstly, this paper proposes five high-precision positioning scenes for the National Land Survey Cloud, including online drawing of point-line-polygon data, standing search, red line en-croachment analysis, high-precision location tags for evidence photos, and spatial attribute veri-fication. Secondly, the key components and functional characteristics of the portable GNSS receiver are analyzed in depth, and selection recommendations for each component are given. Thirdly, three types of devices, including Beidou Probe Single-Frequency Version, Beidou Probe Dual-Frequency Version, and LiteRTK Full-Frequency Version, that meet the application conditions are selected for further positioning performance testing. Finally, the Beidou Probe Dual-Frequency Version and the LiteRTK Full-Frequency Version are recommended as external positioning enhancement equipment. The Beidou Probe Dual-Frequency Version can stably converge to a fixed solution in most scenarios, achieving centimeter-level positioning accuracy and sub-meter level positioning accuracy stability overall test period, suitable for handheld operation scenarios. The LiteRTK Full- Frequency Version has positioning performance comparable to traditional geodetic GNSS receivers, and can achieve instant centimeter-level positioning accuracy in different levels of obstruction testing environments, suitable for accurate point operation scenarios and handheld operation scenarios in complex environments. The research results of this study will promote the innovative application of Beidou high-precision positioning services in the National Land Survey Cloud and promote the development of the system for high-precision field data collection and intelligent survey.