新生儿脑血管自主调节功能

Cerebral Autoregulation in Neonates

摘要: 维持脑血流在脑灌注压变化时保持稳定的机制被称为脑血管自主调节功能，它通过脑血管的血管反应(即血管平滑肌的收缩和舒张)实现。脑血管自主调节功能有赖于成熟的心血管系统及平稳的内环境，而新生儿群体较大婴儿在各方面发育尚不完善，在多种疾病的侵袭下容易出现脑血管自主调节功能受损，进而影响神经系统发育。早期监测患病新生儿的脑血管自主调节功能，识别并干预可对其造成损伤的危险因素，或可改善患儿神经预后。本文就脑血管自主调节功能的监测方法和新生儿在常见疾病状态下脑血管自主调节功能的改变进行综述，旨在探讨脑血管自主调节功能的监测在新生儿疾病诊疗过程中的应用价值及前景，为其进一步的临床研究提供依据。

Abstract: The mechanism of maintaining stable cerebral blood flow during changes in cerebral perfusion pressure is called cerebral vascular autoregulation, which is achieved through the vascular re-sponse of cerebral blood vessels (the contraction and relaxation of vascular smooth muscles). The autonomous regulation function of cerebral blood vessels depends on a mature cardiovascular sys-tem and a stable internal environment. However, the development of the neonatal population is still incomplete in various aspects compared to older infants, which is prone to damage to the autono-mous regulation function of cerebral blood vessels under the invasion of various diseases, thereby affecting the development of the nervous system. Early monitoring of cerebrovascular autonomic regulation function of sick newborns, identification and intervention of risk factors that can cause damage to them may improve the neurological prognosis of children. This article reviews the moni-toring methods of cerebral vascular autoregulation function and the changes in cerebral vascular autoregulation function in newborns under common disease conditions, aiming to explore the ap-plication value and prospects of monitoring cerebral vascular autoregulation function in the diag-nosis and treatment of neonatal diseases, and provide a basis for further clinical research.