基于势能场的博物馆内行人疏散仿真研究

Simulation Study of Pedestrian Evacuation in Museums Based on Potential Energy Field

摘要: 博物馆在高质量发展的中国已成为人民群众满足文化需求的重点场所，而空间的出口条件是行人疏散时间的重要影响因素。在这种情况下，针对博物馆展厅的特有的出口布置，构建合理的疏散模型，研究该场景的疏散规律是十分必要的。本文基于势能场理论，结合元胞自动机建立了考虑不同出口布置的博物馆空白展厅内行人疏散模型，以出口的数量、宽度和布置方法为主要研究对象，仿真了不同行人密度、不同出口布置下的疏散，同时对仿真进行了疏散动力学分析。研究发现，门宽的提高能有效降低疏散时间，出口附近的成拱行为与行人密度的升高有关。本文为提高博物馆内展厅的疏散效率、规划展厅出口布置提供了理论依据，具有实际意义。

Abstract: Museums have become a key place for people to meet their cultural needs in the high-quality development of China, and the exit conditions of the space are an important influencing factor for the evacuation time of pedestrians. Under such circumstances, it is necessary to construct a reasonable evacuation model for the unique exit arrangement of museum exhibition halls and to study the evacuation law of this scene. In this paper, based on potential energy field theory and combined with cellular automata, a model for evacuation of pedestrians in blank museum exhibition halls considering different exit arrangements is established. The number, width, and arrangement method of exits are the main objects of study, and the evacuation under different pedestrian densities and different exit arrangements is simulated and verified using Pathfinder, and the evacuation dynamics are analyzed for the simulation. It is found that the increase in door width can effectively reduce the evacuation time, and the arch-forming behavior near the exit is related to the increase in pedestrian density. This paper provides a theoretical basis for improving evacuation efficiency and planning the exit arrangement of exhibition halls in museums, which has practical significance.