已公开个人信息的刑法保护边界

Criminal Law Protection Boundaries of Public Personal Information

摘要: 相较于尚未公开的信息，尽管已公开的个人信息不再具有隐私性的特点，但是相关的法律规范并未将其排除于“个人信息”的范畴之外，因此刑法对已公开个人信息的保护不仅是对我国法律规范的合理解读，也是对公民个人信息自决权合理诉求的有效回应。然而，在划定处理已公开个人信息的刑事责任边界问题上，司法实务和刑法理论的考察路径不尽相同。本文主要立足于相关的立法规定，结合理论与实务分歧对未经同意模式、超出公开用途模式以及侵犯重大权益模式进行对比分析，认为对于处理已公开个人信息行为性质的判断，应当以个人信息自决权为基础，限缩“对个人权益造成重大影响”的认定范围，按照类型化思维划定已公开信息处理行为的刑事责任边界。

Abstract: Compared with the public information, although the disclosed personal information has lost the characteristics of privacy, but the relevant legal norms did not exclude it from the category of “personal information”, so the criminal law for the protection of public personal information is not only a reasonable interpretation of our country legal norms, is also the citizens’ personal information self-determination reasonable effective response. However, in the issue of delimiting the criminal responsibility boundary of the disclosed personal information, the investigation path of judicial practice and criminal law theory are different. This paper is mainly based on the relevant legislative provisions, combined with the theory and practice of the model, beyond the public use mode and infringement of major rights and comparative analysis, that the processing of public personal information behavior nature, should be based on the right of personal information self-determination, limit the scope of “a significant impact on individual rights and interests”, according to the type of thinking has public information processing criminal responsibility boundary.