无人机低空遥感在矿山生态治理中的应用

Application of UAV Low-Altitude Remote Sensing in Mine Ecological Management

摘要: 通过传统的地面实地监测，我们可以对采矿后的地形进行评估和恢复。然而，这些劳动密集型和耗时的测量方法通常不适用于对采矿地点的大规模土地修复工作。利用无人机低空遥感技术，我们能够收集到大量关于矿山生态修复的实时信息，可以为矿山生态修复后续的研究和评估提供有力的依据，从而使得矿山生态修复成为一个具有多方面深度和广度的学科。随着技术的不断发展，矿山生态修复技术也在不断演进，可以从多种技术的应用和后期效果的比较中提炼出最佳的边坡复绿方案，推动边坡复绿技术的进步和完善。文章以哨鹿沟东山矿山生态治理项目为例，研究了无人机低空遥感在矿山生态治理中的实际应用成果，利用无人机低空遥感技术构建矿山三维实景模型，通过解译分析，获取地形地貌、植被发育程度、岩体结构情况等信息。经过实验证明，与传统的调查方式相比，无人机低空遥感技术更加简单易行，而且可以获得更高的数据精度；通过采用三维建模技术，可以大大减少矿山生态治理的复杂性和成本。

Abstract: In order to assess and restore the post-mining terrain of a mine, traditional ground-based field monitoring is generally undertaken. However, these labour-intensive and time-consuming surveying methods are often not suitable for large-scale land restoration work on mining sites. Using low-altitude remote sensing technology, we are able to gather a wealth of real-time information on mine ecological restoration, which can provide a strong basis for subsequent research and assessment of mine ecological restoration, making it a discipline with a multi-faceted depth and breadth. With the continuous development of technology, mine ecological restoration techniques are also evolving, and the best slope rehabilitation solutions can be extracted from the application of various techniques and the comparison of later effects, so as to promote the progress and improvement of slope rehabilitation technology. The article takes the East Mountain of Shaolugou Mine Ecological Management Project as an example, and studies the practical application results of UAV low-altitude remote sensing in mine ecological management, using UAV low-altitude remote sensing technology to construct a three-dimensional realistic model of the mine, and through interpretation and analysis to obtain information such as topography and geomorphology, the degree of vegetation development and rock structure. The experiment proves that compared with traditional survey methods, UAV low-altitude remote sensing technology is simpler and easier to use, and can obtain higher data accuracy; by using 3D modelling technology, the complexity and cost of mine ecological management can be greatly reduced.