刑法三大机能的关系研究

Research on the Relationship between the Three Functions of Criminal Law

摘要: 刑法的机能是刑法实施过程中所具有的积极功能。规制机能、保护机能和人权保障机能是刑法的三大机能，三者之间在作用的发挥上既有联系又有区别。规制机能包括对社会一般人的行为规制和司法裁判人员的裁判规制，主要发生在犯罪前。保护机能强调的是犯罪是对法益的侵害，刑法的目的就是保护法益，因此惩罚侵害法益的犯罪行为，显然其时间节点上是在犯罪后。而人权保障机能虽突显的是对犯罪人的人权保障，也没有忽视犯罪前的人权保障问题，可以说人权保障机能贯穿于刑事法律的全过程。因此，三大机能的关系可以时间为线索展开其探讨。

Abstract: The function of criminal law is a positive function in the process of implementing criminal law. The regulatory function, the protection function and the human rights protection function are the three major functions of criminal law, and there are both related and different roles between the three. The regulatory function includes the regulation of the behavior of ordinary people in society and the regulation of judicial adjudicators, mainly before committing a crime. The protective function emphasizes that crime is an infringement of the interests of the law, and the purpose of criminal law is to protect the interests of the law, so the punishment of crimes that infringe on the interests of the law is obviously at the time point after the crime is committed. Although the human rights protection function highlights the protection of the human rights of the offender, it does not ignore the human rights protection before the crime, and it can be said that the human rights protection function runs through the entire process of criminal law. Therefore, the relationship between the three functions can be explored in time.