脑小血管病影像学表现与血管性认知功能障碍相关性的研究进展
Research Progress on the Correlation between Imaging Manifestations of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Vascular Cognitive Impairment
DOI: 10.12677/ACM.2023.1371554, PDF,   
作者: 戚雷雷*：延安大学医学院研究生院，陕西 延安；高学军：延安大学附属医院神经内科，陕西 延安
关键词: 脑小血管病；认知功能障碍；磁共振成像；总负荷评分；Cerebral Small Vessel Disease； Cognitive Dysfunction； Magnetic Resonance Imaging； Total SVD Score
摘要: 脑小血管病(small vessel disease, SVD)是目前神经科广泛使用的名词术语，其是指由各种病因引起的脑内小动脉及其远端分支、微动脉、毛细血管、微静脉和小静脉所导致的一系列临床、影像、病理综合征，是神经内科极为复杂且表现形式多样、发病隐匿的一大类脑血管综合征。SVD多发于60岁以上中老年人群，发病率高达70%以上，可造成一系列生活质量问题，如认知功能障碍、二便障碍、步态不稳等，且显著增加卒中、血管性痴呆和阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)的发生风险，是迫切需要解决的临床问题。其中认知功能损害表现不突出但高发，直接影响SVD患者的生活质量。研究发现，脑小血管病患者整体认知功能会受到损害，更为突出的体现在语言、抽象思维、视空间及执行功能等方面。为更早期、高效且准确的诊断SVD相关认知功能障碍，许多学者研究了SVD影像学表现与认知功能下降的关系，本文对血管性认知功能障碍与SVD影像学标志以及总负荷评分的相关性展开综述。
Abstract: Small vessel disease (SVD) is a widely used term in neurology, which refers to a series of clinical, imaging, and pathological syndromes caused by various causes of small arteries and their distal branches, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and venules in the brain. It is a large class of cerebrovas-cular syndromes that are extremely complex and have diverse manifestations, and the onset is hidden in neurology. SVD mostly occurs in people over 60 years old, and the incidence rate of SVD in middle-aged and elderly people is more than 70%, which can cause a series of problems such as cognitive dysfunction, dysuria, gait instability, and significantly increase the risk of stroke, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is an urgent clinical problem to be solved. Among them, cognitive impairment is not prominent but highly prevalent, which directly affects the quality of life of SVD patients. Research has found that patients with cerebrovascular disease suffer from overall cognitive impairment, particularly in terms of language, abstract thinking, visual space, and executive function. In order to diagnose SVD related cognitive impairment more early, efficiently, and accurately, many scholars have studied the relationship between SVD imaging manifestations and cognitive decline. This article reviews the correlation between vascular cognitive impairment and SVD imaging markers as well as overall burden.
文章引用：戚雷雷, 高学军. 脑小血管病影像学表现与血管性认知功能障碍相关性的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2023, 13(7): 11130-11136. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2023.1371554

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