现代社会人的物化现象及其表现——基于卢卡奇物化理论的探讨

The Reification of Human Beings in Modern Society and Its Manifestations—Based on Gy?rgy Lukács’s Reification Theory

摘要: 卢卡奇的物化理论是西方马克思主义思想史的重要组成部分，研究卢卡奇的物化思想，必须重思《历史与阶级意识》中的物化观。卢卡奇的物化观是事先在没有看过马克思的异化观的基础上的独立理论阐释，对于分析当代社会中的各种物化现象对人的困扰问题具有重要的理论价值和参考意义。本研究将在这篇文章中着重分析物化对人关系的困扰，分析用物化问题以及物的关系掩盖人的关系的“危机与表征”，从困扰人的物化问题展开理论分析，并从中了解到的理论问题是交往困境、其中交往困境的原因是：以货币为连结关系造成人与人之间的冷漠，具体表现为：人的多样性被束缚，物的关系对人真正关系的遮蔽，具体表征为虚无主义、工具理性、物化意识、人类“类特性”的丧失等问题。本文在总结了卢卡奇物化观的理论贡献，分析了卢卡奇物化观对当代中国的重要启示和意义，纡困的办法是积极回归马克思主义的理论指导，大力发展生产力，满足人们多样化的需要，向真正共同体的回归，积极践行和弘扬社会主义核心价值观。

Abstract: György Lukács’s reification theory is an important part of the history of Western Marxism thought. To study György Lukács’s reification theory, we must rethink the reification concept in history and class consciousness. György Lukács’s view of objectification is an independent theoretical interpretation based on a prior failure to see Marxism’s view of alienation, it is of great theoretical value and reference significance to analyze the various materialization phenomena in contemporary society. This study will focus on the analysis of the problems of materialization in human relations, and analyze the “Crisis and representation” of human relations covered by the problem of materialization and the relationship of things, the reason of the communication dilemma is that the relationship of currency leads to the indifference between people, which is manifested in the following aspects: People’s diversity is restrained, the concealment of the relationship between things and the real relationship of people is characterized by the problems of nihilism, instrumental rationality, materialized consciousness, and the loss of human “Class characteristics”. This paper sums up the theoretical contribution of Lukacs’ materialization view, analyzes the important enlightenment and significance of Lukacs’ materialization view to contemporary China, to meet people’s diverse needs, return to a real community, and actively practice and carry forward the socialist core values.