显现作为万物的尺度——对柏拉图《泰阿泰德篇》中“知识”的解读

Appearance as the Measure of All Things—The Interpretation of “Knowledge” in Plato’s Theaetetus

摘要: 当今社会，科学知识的发达让人遗忘了知识的根基，古希腊的柏拉图在《泰阿泰德篇》中用“知识是什么？”的问题去追问知识的基础。不过柏拉图并未就此做直接性陈述，而是从其反面即“知识不是什么？”为知识奠基。本文对柏拉图的《泰阿泰德篇》中“知识不是感觉”的论题做了较细致的文本分析，并结合黑格尔与海德格尔对知识与真理的见解进行了深入地解读。海德格尔对柏拉图知识论的讲疏是立足于存在与思想之基础上的，我们对知识论问题的回溯，可以让我们重新思考由“知识”开显出的真理问题。

Abstract: In today’s society, the development of scientific knowledge makes people forget the foundation of knowledge. Plato in ancient Greece used the phrase “What is knowledge?” in Theaetetus, to ask the basis of knowledge. However, Plato does not make a direct statement about this, but rather the opposite, which is “What is knowledge not?” to lay the foundation for knowledge. This paper makes a detailed textual analysis of Plato’s “knowledge is not feeling” in Theaetetus, and interprets deeply the views of Hegel and Heidegger on knowledge and truth. Heidegger’s interpretation of Plato’s theory of knowledge is based on the existence and thought, and our retrospection of the problem of theory of knowledge can make us rethink the problem of truth revealed by “knowledge”.