网络用户数据利益类型化分配和制度构建

Allocation and Institutional Construction of Network User Data Interests

摘要: 随着人工智能技术的快速发展，数据正成为数字经济时代的“新石油”。我国的互联网产业中也蕴含着海量的用户数据资源。虽然网络用户数据存在极大的开发利用前景，但是在网络用户数据开发使用过程中，原始数据和数据产品面临主体不清、利益边界不清、法律性质不明确等问题。同时用户数据价值实现面临场景化、多元化的问题。《数据二十条》提出按照贡献定酬分配数据利益，在网络用户数据利益分配当中，将用户数据利益类型化，并且按照贡献定酬分配用户数据利益。为了避免数据垄断，考虑设置数据安全使用制度和数据利益补偿制度，保障社会公共利益和数据弱势群体利益，促进数据利益分配均衡。从平衡利益的角度协调利用网络用户数据价值。

Abstract: With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, data is becoming the “new oil” of the digital economy era. China’s internet industry also contains massive user data resources. Although there are great prospects for developing and utilizing network user data, the raw data and data products face problems such as unclear subjects, unclear boundaries of interests, and unclear legal nature in the process of development and use. At the same time, realizing the value of user data faces problems of scenario-based and diversified application. “Twenty Rules on Data” proposes to distribute data benefits according to contribution, and to typify the types of user data benefits and distribute them according to contribution in the distribution of network user data benefits. In order to avoid data monopoly, we should consider the establishment of a data safety use system and data interest compensation system, protect the public interests and the interests of data vulnerable groups, and promote the balanced distribution of data interests. We should coordinate the value of network users’ data from the perspective of balancing interests.