中国古代政治哲学何以可能？——基于对《明夷待访录·原法》《学校》篇的考察

How Is Chinese Ancient Political Philosophy Possible?—Based on the Research of Waiting for the Dawn?The Original Law and the School (Mingyi Daifanglu?Yuan Fa and Xue Xiao)

摘要: 《明夷待访录》是中国政治思想史上浓墨重彩的一页。作为完整的政治哲学作品，它为中国古代政治哲学的研究提供了有益材料。其中《原法》和《学校》两篇是黄宗羲政治思想理论基础和具体表现的经典例证。以此二文为代表，对照“政治哲学”定义，特别是列奥·施特劳斯有关“什么是政治哲学”的观点，从表象特征和本质两方面出发对黄宗羲政治思想进行考察，其中包含了道德价值判断和关于政治生活全部假设、人类总体生存境遇的全面反省、对完美政体的构想，完整体现出政治哲学的特性和意涵。黄宗羲的政治哲学体现了中国古代政治哲学注重功能与实践的特征，也为中国古代政治哲学的建构与发展提供了本土化的元素。

Abstract: Waiting for the Dawn (Mingyi Daifanglu) is an inundated page in the history of Chinese political thought. As a complete work of political philosophy, it provides useful materials for the study of Chinese ancient political philosophy. Among them, the chapter on Original Law (Yuan Fa) is classic examples of the theoretical foundation of Huang Zongxi’s political thought, while the chapter on School (Xue Xiao) is concrete expression. Taking these two essays as the representative, Huang Zongxi’s political thought is examined in terms of both apparent characteristics and essence in relation to the definition of “political philosophy”, especially Leo Strauss’s view on “what is political philosophy”. It contains the judgment of moral value, all assumptions of political life, the overall reflection on human existence, and the conception of a perfect political system, which fully embodies the characteristics and meanings of political philosophy. Huang’s political philosophy embodies the features of Chinese ancient political philosophy that focuses on function and practice, and also provides local elements for the construction and development of Chinese ancient political philosophy.