剖析家务劳动女性化现象——基于马克思恩格斯两种生产理论

Analyzing the Feminization of Domestic Labor—Based on Marx and Engels’ Two Production Theories

摘要: 对家务劳动女性化现象(指家务劳动主要由女性承担)的解读多见于社会学，马克思恩格斯的两种生产理论能够为分析该现象提供一个马克思主义哲学视角。由于马恩对该理论的论述较少且引起学界较多争议，因此本文旨在理清两种生产理论的要义，并用其分析家务劳动女性化现象。分析可得：家务劳动女性化现象是一种具有长期性、普遍性的现象；家务劳动之所以长期存在是因为两种生产对人类历史而言不可或缺，其中家务劳动是服务于人的生产的劳动；家务劳动之所以女性化是因为物的生产支配人的生产以及物的生产的承担者对人的生产的承担者的支配，同时建立在私有制基础上的家庭模式为这种支配提供了条件。

Abstract: The interpretation of the feminization of housework (which refers to that housework is mainly undertaken by women) is often seen in sociology. Marx and Engels’ two production theories can provide a Marxist philosophical perspective for analyzing this phenomenon. Due to the limited discussion of this theory by them and many controversies in the academic community, this article aims to clarify the essence of two production theories and use them to analyze the feminization of housework. Analysis shows that the feminization of housework is a long-term and universal phenomenon; the reason why household chores have existed for a long time is because two types of production are indispensable to human history, among which housework is the labor that serves human production; the feminization of housework is due to the dominance of human production by material production and the domination of the bearers of human production by the bearers of material production. At the same time, the family model established on the basis of private ownership provides conditions for this domination.