microRNA1281在不同肿瘤中的研究进展

Research Progress of microRNA1281 in Different Tumors

摘要: MiRNAs是一种短小(约22个核苷酸)的非编码RNA (NcRNAs)，通过与特定的mRNA靶标结合并促进其降解和/或翻译抑制来调节基因的表达。许多研究已经证明microRNAs在癌症生物学中的重要性，它通过控制其靶标mRNAs的表达来促进肿瘤的生长、侵袭、血管生成和免疫逃避。大量研究表明microRNA1281在胃癌、乳腺癌、结直肠肿瘤的血浆、细胞及组织中差异表达，并且在各种肿瘤细胞增殖、侵袭、转移及细胞凋亡中发挥重要的作用。肿瘤细胞可以释放通过结合到微泡中而稳定存在的microRNAs，这些微RNA在多次冻融循环和长期暴露于室温后在循环中仍表现出稳定性。MicroRNAs在其他体液中也表现出稳定性，例如血液、尿液和唾液等。因此MicroRNAs，可以在细胞、组织及生物液中检测到癌症相关的microRNA生物标记物，从而实现更少的侵入性检测。本文旨在对microRNA1281在不同肿瘤中的表达差异及作用机制进行总结，以期为肿瘤患者的诊断、预后、监测和治疗提供新方向。

Abstract: MiRNAs are short (about 22 nucleotides) non-coding Rnas (NcRNAs) that regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA targets and promoting their degradation and/or translation inhibition. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of microRNAs in cancer biology, which promote tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion by controlling the expression of their target mRNAs. Numerous studies have shown that microRNA1281 is differentially expressed in the plasma, cells and tissues of gastric cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer, and plays an im-portant role in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and apoptosis of various tumor cells. Tumor cells can release microRNAs that are stabilized by binding to microvesicles, and these microRNAs remain stable in the cycle after multiple freeze-thaw cycles and long-term exposure to room tem-perature. MicroRNAs also show stability in other body fluids, such as blood, urine and saliva. There-fore, MicroRNAs can detect cancer-related microRNA biomarkers in cells, tissues and biological flu-ids, thus achieving less invasive detection. This paper aims to summarize the expression differences of microRNA1281 in different tumors and the mechanism of action, in order to provide a new direc-tion for the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and treatment of tumor patients.