面向大型家电零售的全渠道订单履约问题

Omni-Channel Order Fulfillment for Large Household Appliance Retail

摘要: 随着零售商布局全渠道的兴起，结合线上、线下渠道优化订单履约方案受到日益关注。大型家电零售存在着从订单接收到包裹发货的决策空窗期，本文研究的问题是利用该决策空窗期把订单分配给各渠道履约，以降低总的履约成本。考虑到库存水平的有限，采用订单拆分与库存转运策略。进一步根据订单的3种拆分方式(产品单分配、产品多分配、订单不拆分)分别建立混合整数规划模型，以对比不同拆分方式对总履约成本的影响。考虑到如今多数零售商采用的是即时履约策略，即接收到订单后立即履约，进一步设计了贪婪算法对即时履约进行模拟并与上述3种数学模型做比较。数值实验表明：产品多分配模型的成本最低，但与产品单分配差距极小；与订单不拆分模型和贪婪算法相比，采用订单拆分策略与库存转运策略能有效降低总的订单履约成本。

Abstract: With the rise of omni-channel retail, optimizing order fulfillment solutions by combining online and offline channels has become increasingly important. This article focuses on the decision window between receiving orders and shipping products in large home appliance retail, and studies how to allocate orders to different channels during this time to reduce overall fulfillment costs. Considering the limited inventory levels, the article proposes an order splitting and inventory transshipment strategy. Three different ways of order splitting (Product Single Allocation, Product Multiple Allocation, and Order Single Allocation) are established as mixed integer programming models to compare their impacts on total fulfillment costs. Given that most retailers nowadays adopt the just-in-time fulfillment strategy, which involves fulfilling orders immediately upon receiving them, this article further designed a greedy algorithm to simulate the just-in-time fulfillment process and compared it with the aforementioned three mathematical models. The numerical experiments show that the Product Multiple Allocation Model has the lowest cost, but the difference from the Product Single Allocation Model is minimal. Compared with the Order Single Allocation Model and the greedy algorithm, using the order splitting and inventory transshipment strategy can effectively reduce the overall order fulfillment costs.