激情犯罪的成因与对策及对法治建设的启示

Causes and Countermeasures of Crimes of Passion and Implications for Rule of Law Construction

摘要: 在各类犯罪中，激情犯罪的情况比较特殊，涉案的犯罪人和家庭付出了惨痛代价，公共秩序受到了较大冲击和不良干扰，同时也给社会造成很大损失。首先划定激情犯罪概念的范围，什么是激情和激情犯罪，激情犯罪在我国的历史沿革，以及在期待可能性的视角下分析激情犯罪。深入探析激情犯罪原因，主要可以从犯罪人、受害人、社会等层面来寻找原因，主要是犯罪人心理不成熟、个人的人格缺陷，辨别是非的能力较差；犯罪人的生理原因、性别、年龄段分布、学历；被害人的不当言行，被害人过错，被害人对权利迷信的误区；被害人事前没有防备，事后不阻止危害扩大；还有一部分社会原因。在探究原因的基础之上提出相应防控对策，包括激情犯罪本人需要努力抑制不良因素的刺激和影响；针对青少年这一关键群体的防控策略；被害人自身加强防备；发展社会化教育，提高公众对激情犯罪的防范意识。根据以上分析关联到激情犯罪的量刑问题，笔者认为对激情犯罪应当从轻或者减轻处罚，从刑法的原则、任务以及他国之规定来展开论述。总之，激情犯罪问题是我国刑事法治建设中一个难啃的硬骨头，与中国刑事法治建设有着内在的难舍难分的关系，是在刑事法治建设中不可回避的重要一节，对于我国刑事法治现代化的成功转型具有重要的现实作用。

Abstract: Among the various types of crime, crimes of passion are a special case, in which the offenders and families involved pay a terrible price, public order is greatly affected and adversely disturbed, and great losses are caused to society. First of all, the scope of the concept of crimes of passion is delineated, what is passion and crimes of passion, the historical development of crimes of passion in China, and the analysis of crimes of passion under the perspective of expectation of possibility. Indepth analysis of the causes of crimes of passion, mainly from the offender, the victim, society and other levels to find the reasons, mainly the offender’s psychological immaturity, personal personality defects, the ability to distinguish between right and wrong is poor; the physical causes of the offender, gender, age distribution, education; the victim’s inappropriate words and deeds, the victim’s fault, the victim of the superstitious misconception of the right; the victim was not prepared beforehand, and did not prevent the harm afterwards; and there are also some social reasons. On the basis of exploring the causes, corresponding preventive and control countermeasures are proposed, including the need for passionate criminals themselves to make efforts to curb the stimulation and influence of undesirable factors; preventive and control strategies for the key group of young people; strengthening of the victim’s own precautions; and the development of social education to raise public awareness of the prevention of passionate crime. According to the above analysis, it is related to the sentencing of passion crimes, and the author believes that passion crimes should be punished in a lighter or mitigated way, which is discussed in terms of the principles of the criminal law, the tasks and the provisions of other countries. In conclusion, the issue of crimes of passion is a difficult bone to be gnawed in the construction of the rule of law in China, and the construction of the rule of law in China has an intrinsic relationship that is difficult to be separated, and it is an unavoidable and important section of the construction of the rule of law in criminal law, and it has an important and realistic role in the successful transformation of the modernization of the rule of law in China.