行政处罚决定公开中个人信息保护研究

Study on the Protection of Personal Information in the Disclosure of Administrative Penalty Decisions

摘要: 我国为推进政府职能的转变，推动透明、公开行政执法，建立了政府信息公开制度。行政处罚决定作为政府信息中的一种，亦于《行政处罚法》第48条规定了行政处罚决定公开之条款。然而，信息技术手段的发展致使行政处罚决定中的个人信息在公开中面临如下问题：简单直接公开行政相对人的身份信息及违法信息后，所引起的社会压力和连锁反应是否与其应当受到的行政处罚相匹配；因轻微违法而受到行政处罚的行政相对人是否拥有个人信息受到法律保护的权益。因此，确保行政处罚决定公开制度推进政府转型、惩戒违法行为以及社会公众警示教育等功能得以正常发挥的前提下，需要平衡行政处罚决定公开与个人信息保护两种制度的需求，保障行政相对人个人信息及隐私的合法权益，规范行政主体执法行为，实现行政执法中的良法善治。

Abstract: In order to promote the transformation of government functions and transparent and open administrative law enforcement, China has established a system of open government information. As a kind of government information, the principle of disclosure of administrative penalty decisions is also stipulated in Article 5 of the Administrative Penalty Law. However, the development of information technology means has led to the following problems in the disclosure of personal information in administrative penalty decisions: whether the social pressure and chain reaction caused by the simple and direct disclosure of the administrative counterpart’s identity information and information about the violation of the law is commensurate with the administrative penalty he/she should receive; whether the administrative counterpart who is subject to administrative penalty for minor violations of the law has the rights and interests of personal information protected by law. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring that the system of disclosure of decisions on administrative penalties promotes the transformation of the government, punishes violations of the law, and warns and educates the public, it is necessary to balance the needs of both the system of disclosure of decisions on administrative penalties and the system of protection of personal information, to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the personal information and privacy of the administrative counterparts, and to standardize the law enforcement behavior of the administrative entity, so as to realize the good governance of good laws and good governance of the administrative law enforcement.