亲子关系确认制度的辨析及其回应——从民法典第1073条出发

Analysis and Response of Parent-Child Relationship Confirmation System—Starting from Article 1073 of the Civil Code

摘要: 《民法典》第1073条系亲子关系确认制度的一般规定，其意旨在于利于纠正生物学意义上的父母子女关系与法律意义上的父母子女关系之间存在的偏差，实现血缘真实，从而确定父母子女在法律上的权利、义务和责任。目前，《民法典》第1073条对于亲子关系确认制度的规定存在行权主体不合理、提请事由不具体以及缺乏否认亲子关系之后的事后保障。考虑到平衡血缘真实与身份关系稳定的需要，应当通过合理分配提起亲子关系异议的主体范围，承认未成年子女请求权人资格、成年子女也能提起亲子关系否认之诉，否认利益相关者提起亲子关系异议的主体资格，用“合理理由”作为兜底的前提下，列举提起异议之诉时的“正当理由”，建立亲子关系否认后未成年人保护制度等措施，搭建起繁衍抚育、家庭伦理与血缘真实、子女利益相互映射的整体构架，进一步完善亲子关系异议制度。

Abstract: Article 1073 of the Civil Code is a general provision of the paternity confirmation system. Its purpose is to help correct the deviation between the relationship between parents and children in the biological sense and the relationship between parents and children in the legal sense, realize the true blood relationship, and thus determine the legal rights, obligations and responsibilities of parents and children. At present, the provisions of Article 1073 of the Civil Code on the confirmation system of parent-child relationship are unreasonable in the subject of exercising rights, not specific in the cause of application, and lack of post-event protection after denying parent-child relationship. Considering the need to balance the truth of consanguinity and the stability of identity, we should reasonably allocate the subject range of raising objections to parent-child relationship, recognize the qualification of minor children as claimants, and adult children can also raise complaints to deny parent-child relationship, deny the subject qualification of stakeholders to raise objections to parent-child relationship, list the “just reasons” when raising objections under the premise of “reasonable reasons”, establish the protection system for minors after the denial of parent-child relationship, and build up reproductive and parenting, family ethics and true consanguinity.