从肯尼斯·伯克戏剧主义理论看劳荣枝二审辩护词中的修辞策略

The Rhetorical Strategies in the Second Trial Defense Speech of Lao Rongzhi Based on Kenneth Burke’s Dramatism Theory

摘要: 肯尼斯·伯克的戏剧主义理论作为伯克修辞理论中的重要组成部分，成为东西方修辞学界的热门话题。本文以伯克的戏剧主义理论出发，以戏剧分析五要素和戏剧的运作过程为主要分析框架，以劳荣枝案二审辩护意见为文本材料，重点对两个方面进行探讨：一，伯克的戏剧主义理论在法律庭审场景中的适配情况；二，劳荣枝一方是如何通过修辞策略来为己方辩护，从而实现自我“净化”和“拯救”进行探讨。研究发现：一，伯克的戏剧主义理论在庭审话语分析中仍然适用；二，劳荣枝一方一方面采取戒忍策略，以证明劳荣枝具有悔过表现和不具有再次危害社会安全的可能性，以图在抢劫罪和绑架罪量刑上获得从轻或者减轻刑罚；另一方面，劳荣枝一方采取“牺牲品”策略，在已经违反社会道德法律体系的情况下，尽量将这种不良情绪转移给牺牲品，而尽可能将自我推向“至善”的一端。该研究是将戏剧主义理论应用于法庭话语分析的一次尝试，以图为话语分析提供新的视角和思路。

Abstract: As an important part of Kenneth Burke’s rhetorical theory, dramatism theory has long been a hot topic at home and abroad. This study, taking the five elements of dramatic analysis and the operation processes of drama in Burke’s dramatism theory as the main theoretical framework and the second trial defense speech as the textual material, tries to solve two problems: one is the adaptation of Burke’s dramatism theory in forensic discourse and the other is the strategies employed by Lao Rongzhi to achieve “purification” and “redemption”. It is found that Burke’s dramatism theory is still applicable in the analysis of forensic discourse. On the one hand, “mortification” was adopted by Lao Rongzhi to prove that she had shown remorse and would not endanger social security again in order to obtain a lighter or reduced sentence. On the other hand, “victimization” was employed to transfer the negative feelings to “scapegoat” and located herself on the “best” side of the continuum from the “best” to the “worst”. This study tries to apply dramatism theory to the analysis of forensic discourse in an attempt to provide a new perspective for discourse analysis.