基于组件化和M2M的物联网系统开发范式研究

Research on Development Paradigm of Internet of Things System Based on Componentization and M2M

摘要: 随着物联网技术的不断发展，涌现了越来越多的物联网应用系统。物联网愿景是将尽可能多的设备变成屏蔽底层差异的服务，和互联网服务进行无缝的集成，为广大人民提供便利。但是，目前物联网应用大多采用封闭紧耦合的竖直型的范式进行开发，使用文本化编程的方式进行开发。这就带来了诸多的不便：开发门槛高、系统可维护性差、不便于跨平台、不便于设备集成。为此本文提出了组件化开发的模式，定义了组件模型，提出了基于组件化和M2M的物联网系统开发范式。本文提出的软件组件模型可以屏蔽系统开发过程中存在的平台、操作系统、编程语言、网络环境等高度异构的问题，实现应用程序的“Write Once, Run Anywhere”的能力。建立了组件化应用软件应用的模型，使用DAG图进行了形式化描述和验证，由本文提出的组件模型构成的应用程序符合有向无环图。提出了基于组件化的M2M的物联网系统开发范式，为高效快速的搭建跨平台、跨操作系统的物联网系统提供了可行的参考。根据组件模型，开发了数据采集组件、数据处理组件、数据展示组件，这些组件是可以跨平台的，实现了“Write Once, Run Anywhere”的特点，搭建了组件化的智能家居系统，验证了组件模型的有效性，所搭建组件的可用性，在基于Linux系统的树莓派和Windows系统的笔记本上运行组件的物联网系统，验证了组件的跨平台性，以及验证了本文组件的M2M的物联网开发范式的可用性。

Abstract: With the continuous development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, more and more IoT appli-cation systems have emerged. The vision of the Internet of Things is to turn as many devices as pos-sible into services that shield the underlying differences, and seamlessly integrate with Internet services to provide convenience for the majority of people. However, at present, most of the IoT ap-plications are developed in a closed and tightly coupled vertical paradigm, and are developed by textual programming. This brings a lot of inconveniences: high development threshold, poor system maintainability, not convenient for cross-platform, and not convenient for equipment integration. To this end, this paper proposes the pattern of component-based development, defines the compo-nent model, and proposes the component-based and M2M based IoT system development paradigm. A component-based IoT system is built to verify the usability of the component model and development paradigm. The software component model proposed in this paper can abstract the highly heterogeneous issues in system development, such as platforms, operating systems, pro-gramming languages, and network environments, enabling the “Write Once, Run Anywhere” capa-bility of applications. A model for component-based application software is established, and a formal description and validation using a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) are performed. The application programs constructed using the proposed component model conform to the properties of a Directed Acyclic Graph. A component-based paradigm for M2M-based IoT system development is proposed, providing a feasible reference for efficiently and rapidly building cross-platform, cross-operating system IoT systems. Based on the component model, data acquisition components, data processing components, and data display components are developed, which are platform-independent and exhibit the “Write Once, Run Anywhere” feature. A componentized smart home system is built to val-idate the effectiveness of the component model and the usability of the constructed components. The IoT system running the components is tested on both a Raspberry Pi based on the Linux system and a laptop running the Windows system to verify the cross-platform nature of the components, as well as to validate the usability of the component-based M2M IoT development paradigm proposed in this paper.