婚姻状况对老年人健康影响的机制分析

An Analysis of the Mechanism of the Influence of Marital Status on the Health of the Elderly

摘要: 基于2018年中国老年人健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据，引入虚弱指数，采用OLS回归对13,856位老年人婚姻与健康状况的关系进行研究，并通过调节效应检验探究分样本对老年人健康的不同影响，在此基础上引入2014年CLHLS数据，进一步探究婚姻状况变化对老年人健康损失的影响机制。研究发现：有配偶能够减轻老年人的健康负担，并且这种健康保护作用呈现群体性差异，有配偶对男性老人、农村老人、85~94岁的老人群体影响较大；不同婚姻状态变化对老年人的健康损失作用程度不同，有配偶–有配偶、有配偶–无配偶、无配偶–有配偶的婚姻状态变化较无配偶–无配偶的婚姻状态变化对老年人的健康保护作用更大，且这种健康保护作用是通过减小认知损失的中介途径实现的。因此全社会应积极关注不同群体老人的婚恋状态，子女要多关注空巢老人尤其是单身空巢老人身心健康。

Abstract: Based on the 2018 the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) data, the weakness index was introduced, and the relationship between marriage and health status of 13,856 elderly people was studied by OLS regression, and the regulatory effect test was used to explore the differ-ent effects of sub-samples on the health of the elderly. On this basis, the 2014 CLHLS data were in-troduced to further explore the influence mechanism of marital status changes on the health loss of the elderly. The study found that having a spouse can reduce the health burden of the elderly, and this health protection effect is different in groups. Spouses have a greater impact on male elderly, rural elderly and 85~94-year-old people. The effect of different marital status on the health loss of the elderly is different. The change of marital status with spouse-with spouse, with spouse-without spouse and without spouse has a greater effect on the health protection of the elderly than the change of marital status without spouse-without spouse. And this health protection effect is achieved through the intermediary way to reduce cognitive loss. Therefore, the whole society should actively pay attention to the love and marriage status of different groups of the elderly, and children should pay more attention to the physical and mental health of the empty-nest elderly, especially the single empty-nest elderly.