欧盟跨境补贴规制的发展趋势与中国因应

The Development Trend of EU Cross-Border Subsidy Regulation and China’s Response

摘要: 2023年1月12日，以“防止欧盟内部市场扭曲，保护公平竞争环境”为目标的欧盟《外国补贴条例》正式生效。其规制范围较之现有的WTO规则在规制主体、客体方面更为宽泛，监管更为严格。欧盟《外国补贴条例》涉嫌违反《补贴与反补贴措施协定》、《服务贸易总协定》等WTO规则。反映了在全球价值链重构与发展背景下，欧盟试图通过制定防御性政策、主导经贸规则输出，推行贸易保护主义的趋势。欧盟《外国补贴条例》将对反补贴改革立法带来示范效应，中国应正确认识其两面性并分别从国内、国际两个层面构建应对思路。

Abstract: On January 12, 2023, the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Foreign Subsidies Distorting the Internal Market (the EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation), which aims to “prevent distortions in the EU internal market and protect a level playing field”, came into force. The scope of regulation is broader than the existing WTO rules in terms of subject and object of regulation, and the regulation is more stringent. The EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation is suspected of violating the Agreement on Subsidies and Counter-vailing Measures, the General Agreement on Trade in Services and other WTO rules. It reflects the trend that the EU tries to promote trade protectionism by formulating defensive policies and dominating the export of economic and trade rules in the context of global value chain restructuring and development. The EU Foreign Sticker Regulation will have a demonstration effect on countervailing reform legislation, and China should correctly understand its two-sided nature and construct domestic and international level response ideas.