负有照护职责人员性侵罪中“特殊职责”的认定

Recognition of “Special Duties” of Sexual Assault by a Person in a Position of Care

摘要: 《刑法修正案(十一)》增设第236条之一“负有照护职责人员性侵罪”，积极回应社会对于未成年女性保护的期望，并非“情绪性立法”。本罪的设立引发了诸多学界讨论。针对主体要素中“特殊职责”的理解与适用，现实中存在着实质不清、要素不明、判断不准的问题。对此，学界通说为实质解释，但标准不一。法益是主体确定的基础，应从实质法益论的视角考虑“特殊职责”的认定标准之一。另一方面，对比“隐性强制”，“性剥削”的理论更符合本罪的立法宗旨，应将“性剥削”入刑，从行为人视角提出“特殊职责”认定的标准之二。

Abstract: The “Criminal Law Amendment (11)” added one of Article 236 “sexual assault on persons with care responsibilities” and actively responded to society’s expectations for the protection of minor women. The establishment of this crime has also triggered many academic circles. The understanding and application of “special responsibilities” in the subject elements, in reality, there are issues that are unclear, unclear, and inaccurate judgment. In this regard, the academic circles are explained as a substantial explanation, but the standards are different. Legal benefits are the basis for determined by the subject. From the perspective of the essence of benefit, we should consider one of the identification criteria of “special responsibilities”. On the other hand, the theory of “hidden compulsory” and “sexual exploitation” is more in line with the legislative purpose of this crime. The “sexual exploitation” should be punished, and the second standard of “special responsibilities” identification should be proposed from the perspective of the actor.