论量子力学的马克思实践哲学维度——基于爱因斯坦对量子力学理论完备性的质疑

On the Marxist Praxis Philosophical Dimension in Quantum Mechanics—Based on Einstein’s Question of the Completeness of Quantum Mechanics Theory

摘要: 量子纠缠实验的成功证明了爱因斯坦对量子力学理论理解的欠缺，爱因斯坦所持的近代形而上学实在论哲学观应是其理解欠缺的重要原因。量子力学对经典力学的超越，不仅是科学范式的转变，在深层次上来看，更是哲学范式的转变，即马克思的实践哲学所引领的现代实践哲学范式对近代形而上学的哲学范式的扬弃。爱因斯坦认为任何物理理论与物理实在应是一一对应关系，因而“不确定性”的量子力学成为了他眼中不成熟的理论。本文从马克思实践哲学的维度阐明量子理论的完备性在于“实践性”而非“实在性”；量子系统本质上是“实践系统”而非“分离系统”；量子力学理论的理解方式遵循“实践的因果论”而非“实在的因果论”，从而论证爱因斯坦近代形而上学的实在论哲学观局限导致了其对量子力学的理解的局限，也证明了马克思实践哲学思维对理解量子力学理论的理论意义和现实意义。

Abstract: The success of the quantum entanglement experiment proves that Einstein lacks understanding of quantum mechanics theory, and Einstein’s modern metaphysical esse philosophical view should be an important reason for his lack of understanding. The transcendence of classical mechanics by quantum mechanics is not only a transformation of the scientific paradigm, but also a change in the philosophical paradigm at a deep level, that is, the abandonment of the modern praxis philosophical paradigm led by Marxist praxis philosophy to the philosophical paradigm of modern metaphysics. Einstein believed that any physical theory should have a one-to-one correspondence with physical esse, so quantum mechanics of “uncertainty” became an immature theory in his eyes. From the dimension of Marxist praxis philosophy, this paper clarifies that the completeness of quantum theory lies in “praxis” rather than “esse”; Quantum systems are essentially “praxis systems” rather than “separation systems”; The way of understanding quantum mechanics theory follows “praxis causation” rather than “esse causation”, thus demonstrating that the limitations of Einstein’s modern metaphysical esse philosophical view lead to the limitation of his understanding of quantum mechanics, and also prove the theoretical and practical significance of Marxist praxis philosophical thinking in understanding quantum mechanics theory.