高校信息技术通识课的机遇挑战与实践探索——以《数据科学导论》课程为例

Opportunities, Challenges and Practical Exploration of Information Technology General Courses in Universities—Taking the Course “Introduction to Data Science” as an Example

摘要: 《数据科学导论》等信息技术通识课是当前信息化、数字化和智能化的时代特性的迫切需求，也是高校本科生培养对接实际人才需求的有效手段。不仅有利于金融、航运、环境、医学等和计算机、数据科学等跨专业交叉融合的引导启发，也能推动数字化和智能化的快速普及。但是，它仍面临三大挑战：1) 课程科普性与专业性难权衡；2) 线上资源对线下课堂强冲击；3) 老师主导与学生主体难协同；本文设计三位一体的教学创新途径进行探索和实践。首先，教学内容实施虚实结合，基于Jupyter notebook便捷平台让学生尝试经典数据分析方法的实现和验证，观察不同结果的对比；其次，教学手段上利用学习通的分组汇报进行课堂翻转，发挥学生主体性；同时，整个教学内容设计和教学实施中融入课程思政发挥德育引领作用，激发学生内驱学习动力。实践证明这些教学创新设计有效，不仅学生获得感强，教学评价排名比从75%提高至10%左右。

Abstract: Information technology general courses such as “Introduction to Data Science” are the urgent needs of the current era of informatization, digitalization and intelligence, and it is also an effective means for college undergraduates to cultivate and meet the needs of actual talents. It is not only conducive to the guidance and inspiration of cross-professional integration of finance, shipping, environment, medicine, etc., and computer, data science, etc., but also promotes the rapid popularization of digitalization and intelligence. However, it still faces three major challenges: 1) it is difficult to balance the scientific and professional nature of the curriculum; 2) the strong impact of online resources on offline classrooms cannot be ignored; 3) it is difficult to coordinate between teacherled and students; this paper designs an innovative approach to teaching and learning for exploration and practice. Firstly, the teaching content is combined with virtual and real, and the convenient platform based on Jupyter notebook allows students to try the implementation and verification of classical data analysis methods, and observe the comparison of different results. Secondly, the teaching method uses the group report of learning to flip the classroom and give full play to the subjectivity of students; at the same time, the entire teaching content design and teaching implementation integrate curriculum ideology and politics, play a leading role in moral education, and stimulate students’ motivation for internal learning. Practical exploration has proved that these teaching innovations and designs are effective, not only make students have a strong sense of gain, but also the teaching evaluation ranking ratio has increased from 75% to about 10%.