精神专科医院就诊青少年自杀风险调查及影响因素分析

Investigation and Analysis of Influencing Factors of Suicide Risk among Adolescents Treated in Psychiatric Hospital

摘要: 目的：调查赣州市精神专科医院就诊青少年的自杀风险状况及影响因素分析。方法：选取2022年4月至2023年5月在赣州市精神专科医院就诊的248例青少年作为研究对象，采用自编一般资料问卷、家庭关怀指数量表、青少年生活事件量表和护士用自杀风险评估量表，并使用Logistic回归分析检验自杀风险的危险因素。结果：248例青少年心理障碍患者中有107例(43%)为高自杀风险；单因素分析显示，性别、与父母关系、年级、家庭功能、生活负性事件对自杀风险有影响，差异有统计学差异(P < 0.05)；Logistic回归分析显示，家庭功能由严重障碍变化为良好，自杀风险降低(OR = e^(−1.665) = 0.189)，人际关系、其他因素评分每增加1分，自杀风险升高(OR分别为e^0.206 = 1.229、e^0.136 = 1.146)。结论：精神专科医院就诊青少年的自杀风险较高，家庭功能障碍、女生、负性生活事件、人际关系紧张是青少年自杀的危险因素。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the suicide risk status of adolescents in Ganzhou Psychiatric Hospital and analyze the influencing factors. Methods: A total of 248 adolescents who were treated in Ganzhou Psychiatric Hospital from April 2022 to May 2023 were selected as subjects. Self-designed general information questionnaire, Family Care Index scale, Adolescent self-rating life events checklist and Nurses’ Global Assessment of Suicide Risk were used to investigate, and Logistic regression analysis was then used to examine risk factors for suicide risk. Results: Among 248 adolescents with mental disorders, 107 (43%) had high suicide risk. Uni-variate analysis showed that gender, relationship with parents, grade, family function and negative life events had significant effects on suicide risk (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that family function changed from severe disorder to good condition, suicide risk decreased (OR = e^(−1.665) = 0.189), and suicide risk increased with each increase of one point in interpersonal relationship and other factors score (OR = e^0.206 = 1.229, e^0.136 = 1.146). Conclusion: The risk of suicide is high among adolescents treated in psychiatric hospitals. Family dysfunction, girls, negative life events and interpersonal tension are risk factors for adolescent suicide.