卢卡奇辩证法视域下的黑格尔哲学误读、批判与超越

Misinterpretation, Criticism, and Transcendence of Hegel’s Philosophy in Lukács’s Dialectics

摘要: 卢卡奇的思想一直显露出黑格尔哲学的痕迹。早期的卢卡奇在《历史与阶级意识》中，无条件地继承沿用黑格尔哲学来对马克思主义进行解读，提出了总体性辩证法，但最终陷入误读。中期的卢卡奇在马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的影响下，重读了青年黑格尔的文稿，并借助马克思的立场、观点、方法在《青年黑格尔》中审视性地反思批判了黑格尔哲学，使劳动辩证法得到注重。晚期的卢卡奇在《社会存在的本体论》中，创新性地塑造了从马克思主义本体论的视角对辩证法进行新的阐释的方法，最终实现了对黑格尔哲学的超越及向马克思主义的彻底转向。卢卡奇辩证法思想对黑格尔哲学的态度由早期的误读到中期的批判、再到晚期的超越的演进，最终彻底转向马克思主义。

Abstract: Lukács’s idea has always shown the trace of Hegel’s philosophy. In his early work History and Class Consciousness: Studies in Marxist Dialectics, Lukács unconditionally inherited Hegel’s philosophy to interpret Marxism and proposed his Dialectics of Totality, but eventually fell into a misinterpretation. In the middle period, under the influence of Marx’s Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844, Lukács reread young Hegel’s manuscripts, and critically reflected and criticized Hegel’s philosophy in his work Young Hegel with the help of Marxist stance, viewpoints, and methods, which made the labor dialectics was paid attention. In his late work Ontology of Social Being, he innovatively shaped a new interpretation of dialectics from the perspective of Marxist ontology, ultimately achieving a transcendence of Hegel’s philosophy and a thorough shift towards Marxism. In a word, Lukács’s attitude in his dialectics towards Hegel’s philosophy evolved from early misinterpretation to mid-term criticism, and then to late transcendence, and he completely turned to Marxism ultimately.