弗洛姆异化心理理论及其当代价值探析

An Exploration of Fromm’s Psychological Theory of Alienation and Its Contemporary Value

摘要: 埃里希•弗洛姆是法兰克福学派及其重要的代表人物。弗洛姆作为首次将异化的概念延伸到心理学领域的杰出学者，开辟了独特的理论视角来研究当代人在心理上所面临的问题。他的“心理异化”理论在吸纳了马克思主义学说及弗洛伊德精神分析理论的基础上，试图论述的是人的心理与社会心理的关系。弗洛姆所探讨的异化是一种心理或精神层面的异化，他认为随着现代社会物质生活的极大富足，异化现象却逐渐普遍化，这造成了人主体性的消失，人们的心理健康也受到了威胁。因此，他主张人们在关注物质生活的同时，更应该注重心理需要的满足，只有这样才是获得幸福感的关键所在。

Abstract: Erich Fromm is a representative of the Frankfurt School and is a key figure. As the outstanding scholar who first extended the concept of alienation to the field of psychology, Fromm opened up a unique theoretical perspective on the psychological problems faced by contemporary people. His theory of “psychological alienation” is based on Marxist and Freudian psychoanalysis, and seeks to address the relationship between the human psyche and the psychosocial psyche. The alienation that Fromm explores is a psychological or spiritual alienation. He believes that with the great material affluence of modern society, alienation has gradually become more common, resulting in the loss of human subjectivity and threatening people’s psychological health. He therefore argues that people should focus on the satisfaction of their psychological needs in addition to their material life, which is the key to happiness.