基于中介语语料库的汉语意外表达偏误分析

An Interlanguage-Corpus Based Error Analysis of Non-Native Students’ Learning Chinese Miratives

摘要: 人们常被戏称为情感动物，意外就是不可缺少的一种情绪。中文作为一门意合语言，句式词汇灵活多变，在表达意外语气方面有多种表达法，给留学生造成了很大的习得困难。非母语者就常常容易将“竟然”“居然”以及“尽然”混淆,此外，留学生们也很难习得“谁料”“怎么”这些地道典型的意外表达。在此背景下本文以意外范畴的前沿认识为基础，提前调查问卷后确定了具有研究意义的典型中文意外表达法，收集分析在北语HSK动态作文语料库以及暨南大学书面语语料库相关语料后， 本文首先探讨了留学生意外表达法习得偏误语料的语义、句法、语用偏误类型，认为偏误主要因为忽视逻辑语义关系、意外表达法自身过难、过度规则化和学习者的回避策略造成。最后提出了三大类教学建议即巧用语义深层逻辑链条、强调对比分析和聚焦教学重难点。

Abstract: People are often humorously referred to as emotional beings, and surprise is an essential emotion. Chinese, as a semantic-based language, has flexible and variable sentence structures and vocabulary. It presents various expressions for conveying unexpected meanings, which poses significant challenges for foreign students in their acquisition process. Non-native speakers often tend to confuse “jing ran”, “ju ran”, and “jin ran”. Additionally, foreign students find it difficult to acquire authentic and typical expressions like “shui liao” and “zen me” for expressing unexpected situations. Against this backdrop, this study is based on the cutting-edge understanding of the domain of unexpectedness. Through a preliminary survey, it identifies typical Chinese expressions for unexpectedness that have research value. Through the collection and analysis of relevant data from the HSK dynamic composition corpus and the written language corpora of Jinan University, the study firstly explores the semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic errors in the acquisition of unexpected expressions by foreign students. It argues that the errors are mainly caused by neglecting logical semantic relationships, the inherent difficulty of unexpected expressions themselves, tendencies towards over-regularization, and learners’ avoidance strategies. Finally, the study proposes three categories of teaching suggestions, namely, utilizing semantic deep logic chains, emphasizing contrastive analysis, and focusing on teaching key difficulties.