何为“空巢”老人的最优养老方式——基于层次分析法

What Is the Best Way to Provide for the “Empty Nest” Elderly—Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

摘要: 近年来，在人口老龄化与高龄化的快速进程下，“空巢”老年群体不断壮大，问题日益突出。在现有的家庭养老、社区养老、机构养老和混合养老方式下，何为“空巢”老年群体的最优养老选择，这对完善“空巢”老人的养老服务体系意义重大。本文采用层次分析法对这四类养老方式进行比较分析，结果表明：最满意的养老方式为机构养老，并提出提升专业型养老机构的数量和服务质量、加强队伍建设，优化专业护理水平、市场精准调查，丰富服务项目内容，同时还要使老年群体形成正确的养老观念的优化路径。

Abstract: In recent years, under the rapid process of population aging, the “empty nest” elderly group is growing, and the problem is becoming increasingly prominent. Under the existing family pension, community pension, institutional pension and mixed pension, what is the optimal pension choice for the “empty nest” elderly group, which is of great significance to improve the pension service system for the “empty nest” elderly. In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process is used to compare and analyze these four types of old-age care methods, and the results show that the most satis-factory way is institutional old-age care, and the optimization path is proposed to improve the number and service quality of professional old-age care institutions, strengthen team construction, optimize the level of professional nursing, precise market investigation, enrich the content of service projects, and at the same time help the elderly to form a correct concept of old-age care.