小脑异常与发展性阅读障碍的关系研究

A Study of the Relationship between Aberrant Cerebellum and Developmental Dyslexia

摘要: 发展性阅读障碍是一种神经发育障碍，患有该障碍的儿童拥有正常的智力水平，也不乏公正的教育机会，但在阅读上表现出困难。具体表现为识字困难、字词解码和听写能力差等。研究表明，患有发展性阅读障碍的儿童可能存在认知、工作记忆加工、语言上的缺陷。发展性阅读障碍还与注意力、眼球运动和运动技能受损等缺陷有关。对于发展性阅读障碍的脑神经机制，多数研究显示发展性阅读障碍者的大脑区域存在异常。而近些年的研究表明，发展性阅读障碍也与小脑结构或功能的异常有关。本文回顾了关于小脑缺陷理论的研究，综述了小脑异常对于发展性阅读障碍的影响研究，最后对研究现状进行了总结与展望。本文对于研究小脑异常与发展性阅读障碍的关系，增强对小脑参与阅读作用的理解，提高对发展性阅读障碍的预测水平，有一定的意义。

Abstract: Developmental dyslexia is a kind of neurodevelopmental disorder. Children with developmental dyslexia show a normal level of intelligence and have fair educational opportunities, but have difficulty in reading. The main symptoms are having difficulty in literacy, poor word decoding and dictation skills, etc. Studies have shown that children with dyslexia may have cognitive deficits, working memory processing deficits, and language deficits. It is also associated with deficits such as impaired attention, eye movements, and motor skills. For the cerebral neural mechanisms of dyslexia, most studies have shown abnormalities in brain regions in people with dyslexia. Recent studies have shown that dyslexia is also associated with aberrant cerebellum structure or function. This paper reviews the research on the theory of cerebellar defects, the impact of aberrant cerebellum on developmental dyslexia, and finally summarizes and prospects the research status. It is of certain significance to study the relationship between aberrant cerebellum and developmental dyslexia, to improve the level of prognosis of developmental dyslexia, and to enhance the understanding of the role of cerebellum in reading.