亲子关系中的积极养育研究

The Study on Positive Parenting in the Parent-Child Relationships

摘要: 积极养育是指养育者为儿童所提供的稳定的、支持性和结构化的环境，它包括两个要素，分别是积极接纳与共情理解以及明确的期望和适宜的规则。它强调父母要理解孩子的感受和需要、鼓励孩子的自主性并给予孩子积极的评价和情感表达。积极养育对于儿童的认知发展、社会性水平及学业表现等方面均有积极影响作用。本文系统阐述了积极养育的内涵、理论基础，深入分析了亲子关系中父母积极养育理念构建的制约因素及建构途径，并进一步梳理了国外积极养育的实践探索。

Abstract: Positive parenting refers to the stable, supportive, and structured environment provided by caregivers for children, which includes two elements: positive acceptance and empathy, as well as clear expectations and appropriate rules. It emphasizes that parents should understand their children’s feelings and needs, encourage their autonomy, and give them positive evaluations and emotional expressions. Positive parenting has a positive impact on children’s cognitive development, social level, and academic performance. This article systematically elaborates on the connotation and theoretical basis of positive parenting, deeply analyzes the constraints and approaches to build the concept of positive parenting by parents in the parent-child relationships, and further combs out the practical exploration of positive parenting abroad.