儿童消化道异物诊治进展

Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

摘要: 消化道异物是儿科急诊常见疾病之一，大多数发生于幼儿及学龄前儿童。在临床上，大部分患儿可无任何症状而自然排出，但对于尖锐、具有腐蚀性的异物可能会造成消化道黏膜穿孔、糜烂等严重并发症，这一部分异物需要及时行内镜干预，否则，可能会危及患儿的生命健康。因此，消化道异物及时诊断、治疗具有重要的临床价值，这也对儿科医生提出严峻挑战。本文从流行病学、临床表现、诊断、异物类型、嵌顿位置、辅助检查、治疗方式及预后和预防等方面对儿童消化道异物进行阐述。

Abstract: Foreign body ingestion is one of the common diseases in pediatric emergency, most of which occur in infants and preschool children. Clinically, most children can be discharged naturally without any symptoms, but sharp and corrosive foreign bodies may cause serious complications such as perfo-ration and erosion of digestive tract mucosa. Timely endoscopic intervention is required for this part of foreign bodies, otherwise, the life and health of children may be endangered. Therefore, timely diagnosis and treatment of foreign body ingestion have important clinical value, which also poses a severe challenge to pediatricians. In this paper, the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, types of foreign bodies, location of incarceration, auxiliary examination, treatment, prog-nosis and prevention of foreign bodies in children’s digestive tract are discussed.