探讨步态分析在膝关节生物力学失衡中的临床应用

To Explore the Clinical Application of Gait Analysis in Knee Biomechanical Imbalance

摘要: 步态分析是定量评估步态障碍的有效工具，它可提供功能诊断、治疗计划评估和疾病进展监测。目的可以分为三个不同的类别，分别是：描述特定人群在步行时的运动特征和步态模式、对特定人群的步行功能和严重程度进行评估分类和比较、评估特定治疗干预对步态障碍的改善效果和影响因素。通过文献整理分析发现：膝关节步态分析研究主要集中在前交叉韧带损伤与重建、膝骨关节炎、半月板损伤及修复、髌骨病变等方面。该综述强调了膝关节生物力学失衡的主要步态特征和适应性疾病。综述还指出了膝关节步态分析的一些局限性和挑战，并提出了未来研究的一些方向。因此本文系统汇总了近些年国内外对上述及其它膝关节疾病步态分析的相关文献，总结了近几年来关于该研究范畴的最新进展。

Abstract: Gait analysis is an effective tool for quantitative assessment of gait disorders, which can provide functional diagnosis, treatment plan evaluation and disease progression monitoring. Objectives can be divided into three different categories, namely: describing the movement characteristics and gait patterns of specific groups of people during walking, evaluating and comparing the walking function and severity of specific groups of people, and evaluating the improvement effect and influ-encing factors of specific treatment interventions on gait disorders. Through literature analysis, it is found that the gait analysis of knee joint mainly focuses on anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction, knee osteoarthritis, meniscus injury and repair, patellar lesions and so on. This re-view highlights the main gait characteristics and adaptive diseases of knee biomechanical imbal-ance. The review also points out some limitations and challenges of knee gait analysis, and proposes some directions for future research. Therefore, this paper systematically summarizes the relevant literature on gait analysis of the above and other knee diseases at home and abroad in recent years, and summarizes the latest progress in this research category in recent years.