“做作”的语义演变与词汇化

The Semantic Evolution and Lexicalization of “Zuozuo” (做作)

摘要: “做作”是由同义骈词合成的双音词，在近代有动词、名词、形容词三个词性，具有多个义项，但只有“虚假的、不自然的”形容词义项留存至现代汉语，还发生了语义不透明、色彩贬抑化、词形可变性降低、句法功能固化和语音弱化的转变。通过对历史语料检索和分析可知，“做作”意义和用法的择一过程体现了组合同化、语境吸收和重新分析的机制，其在与“故意、乔、假”组合的结构中沾染[+虚假][−自然]的语义特征；在否定和反讽语境中吸收了贬义色彩；又在与“如此、恁地”组合的结构中被重新分析为形容词，由此完成了专一化演变。

Abstract: “Zuozuo” (做作) is a disyllabic word synthesized from synonymous parallel words. In modern times, it has three parts of speech: verb, noun, and adjective, and has multiple meanings. However, only the “false and unnatural” adjective meanings remain in modern Chinese, and there has been a transformation of semantic opacity, color devaluation, decreased word form variability, solidified syntactic function, and weakened pronunciation. Through the retrieval and analysis of historical corpus, the process of choosing the meaning and usage of “Zuozuo” (做作) reflects the mechanism of combination assimilation, contextual absorption, and reanalysis, it imbues the semantic features of “+falsehood” and “−nature” in the structure combined with “Guyi, Qiao, Jia” (故意, 乔, 假); it absorbs derogatory connotations in the context of negation and irony; it is reanalyzed as an adjective in the structure combined with “Ruci, Nende” (如此, 恁地), thus completing the simplification evolution.