个案工作介入城市失独老人精神慰藉研究

Social Case Work Intervenes in the Study of Spiritual Consolation for the Urban Lonely Elderly

摘要: 由于交通事故、近几年来重大卫生事件等各类疾病、上世纪七八十年代全面施行的计划生育政策等原因的影响，我国许多独生子女家庭随之产生，而这类家庭在因意外失去了唯一的孩子后，往往随之而来的是一系列问题和困境。城市地区的失独家庭在经历了失独事件后，不仅精神上会受到极大创伤，他们往往还要面临着物质生活上的压力，双重的困境很容易使城市失独老人失去对生活的信心，从而自暴自弃，产生悲观消极的人生态度。本研究选取北京市X社区一名城市失独老人进行个案介入，以社会支持理论和理性情绪理论为理论指引，运用访谈法和观察法，对城市失独老人的精神需求、抑郁程度和社会支持网络现状进行评估，拟定计划并实施个案工作。社会工作者针对性介入服务对象的问题与需求，围绕服务对象社会支持的加强、非理性信念的纠正展开，提供为期五个阶段的个别化服务。研究发现，失独老人群体在经历了失独事件后很容易陷入非理性状态之中，个案工作中的理性情绪理论对于纠正失独老人群体的非理性信念可以发挥重要作用。

Abstract: Because of the comprehensive implementation of the one-child policy of the 1970s and 1980s in our country, many one-child families are born in China, which often brings a series of problems and dilemmas after the accidental loss of their only child. The urban lonely elderly are also facing the pressure of material life after the spiritual pain brought by the loss of their children. The double dilemma easily makes the urban lonely elderly lose their confidence in life. Thus giving up on themselves and developing a pessimistic and negative attitude towards life. This study selected one of the lonely elderly in Beijing X community with case intervention. Guided by the social support theory and rational emotion theory as the instruction, interview method and observation method were used to access the lonely elderly’s spiritual demand, degree of depression and social support network situation, plan and implement case work. Social workers intervene in the problems and needs of service objects, and provide five stages of individualized services centering on strengthening social support and correcting irrational beliefs of service objects. It is found that the lonely elderly are prone to fall into an irrational state after the loss of their only child. The rational emotion theory in the case work can play an important role in correcting the irrational belief of the lonely elderly.