全球气候治理背景下共同但有区别原则的实施困境及解决方案

Difficulties in Implementing the Common but Differentiated Principle in the Context of Global Climate Governance and Responses

摘要: 气候治理不单单是一个环境问题，而更多的关乎各个利益团体之间的纷争与政治博弈。随着各国综合国力的此消彼长，《联合国气候变化框架公约》确定的共同但有区别原则也遭到了各方势力的质疑与不执行的挑战。经过拉锯式的国际谈判之后，《巴黎协定》最终确立了以国家自主贡献为核心的全球气候治理的新格局。这个结果是发达国家、发展中国家、最不发达国家与小岛屿国家之间的妥协、利弊权衡之后的结果。然而，自主贡献率逐渐发展，则很有可能突破共同但有区别原则所要求的气候正义。因此，要坚持比例原则；开启国际气候合作的崭新模式；利用好国际组织的组织、协调功能；加强国际间的技术交流与合作。使得共同但有区别原则能够保持初心，维护好气候正义。

Abstract: Climate governance is not just an environmental issue, but more about disputes and political games between various interest groups. With the change of the comprehensive national strength of all countries, the principle of community established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change has also been questioned and challenged by various forces. After protracted international negotiations, the Paris Agreement has finally established a new pattern of global climate governance with nationally determined contributions at its core. This result was the result of a compromise and trade-offs between developed countries, developing countries, least developed countries and small island States. However, the gradual development of autonomous contribution rates is likely to break through the climate justice required by the common zone principle. There-fore, we should adhere to the principle of proportion; Opening a new model of international climate cooperation; Making good use of the organizing and coordinating functions of international organizations; Strengthening international technical exchanges and cooperation so that the principle of the common area can maintain the original intention and safeguard climate justice.