股骨颈基底部骨折髓内固定治疗研究进展

Research Progress of Intramedullary Fixation for Basal Femoral Neck Fractures

摘要: 股骨颈基底部骨折在临床中相对罕见且易误诊，目前该类骨折的定义虽有争论但逐渐趋于一致，这使其诊断和治疗的讨论有了共同基础。股骨颈基底解剖位置及生物力学特殊，该部位骨折具有股骨颈骨折的旋转不稳定与转子间骨折的内翻不稳定双重特点，从而导致治疗困难。目前关于股骨颈基底部骨折内固定的选择仍未达统一，虽然有学者质疑髓内钉固定在治疗股骨颈基底部骨折的作用，但近年来髓内钉固定已经取得了良好的治疗效果。本文对近年股骨颈基底部骨折的髓内固定治疗的研究进展进行综述。

Abstract: Femoral neck base fracture is relatively rare and easy to be misdiagnosed in the clinic. Although there are debates on the definition of this kind of fracture, it is gradually converging, which makes the discussion of diagnosis and treatment have a common basis. The basal anatomic location and biomechanics of the femoral neck are special, and the fracture in this part is characterized by both rotational instability of the femoral neck fracture and varus instability of the intertrochanteric fracture, which makes treatment difficult. At present, the selection of internal fixation for femoral neck base fracture is still not unified. Although some scholars have questioned the effect of in-tramedullary nail fixation in the treatment of femoral neck base fracture, intramedullary nail fixa-tion has achieved good therapeutic effect in recent years. This article reviews the recent research progress of intramedullary fixation in the treatment of femoral neck base fracture.