睢宁话句末助词“的”使用概况

The Usage Condition of the Sentence-Final Particle “De” (的) in Suining Dialect

摘要: 睢宁话句末助词“的”有三种使用情况：构成对比焦点句的“的_a”、表示新事态变化的“的_b”、描述正在发生的事件的“的_c”，它们的使用情况分别是：“的_a”同普通话中的用法类似，可以构成对比焦点句，但使用条件略有不同；“的_b”同普通话中的“了₂”用法类似，但是不能描述一些客观真理或阐述一些道义，必须保证事件发展的连贯性；“的_c”带有肯定意味只能描述正在发生并可能持续发生的事件。现代汉语方言和普通话既存在共性，又各具个性，本文从睢宁话和普通话的对比入手，详尽地分析了句末助词“的”的使用情况，为北方官话语法层面的深入研究提供了一定的参考。

Abstract: There are three types of usage of the auxiliary word “De” (的) at the end of a sentence in the Suining dialect: “De_a” (的_a) forms a comparative focus sentence; “De_b” (的_b) represents a new change in the situation; and “De_c” (的_c) describes an ongoing event. Their usage is as follows: “De_a” (的_a) is similar to its usage in Mandarin, where it can form contrastive focus sentences, but with slightly different conditions; The usage of “De_b” (的_b) is similar to that of “Le₂” (了₂) in Mandarin, but it cannot be used to describe objective truths or express moral opinions; it must ensure the coherence of event de-velopment; “De_c” (的_c) carries an affirmative meaning and can only describe events that are cur-rently happening or likely to continue happening. Modern Chinese dialects and Mandarin share similarities and have their own characteristics. This article starts with a comparison between the Suining dialect and Mandarin, providing a detailed analysis of the usage of the particle “De” (的) at the end of sentences, which offers a reference for in-depth research on the grammar of Northern Mandarin dialects.