海商事背景下普通法合同解释规则的脉络梳理与进路分析

The Context and Approach Analysis of the Common Law Contract Interpretation Rules under the Background of Maritime Affairs

摘要: 不可否认海商事领域有其特殊的涉外性和专业性，但也如美国大法官斯托顿发表的关于海商事合同解释规则的观点中所说的，海商事合同的解释与其他任何类型的合同的解释没有根本上的区别。从19世纪至今，合同解释规则从最原始的以文义解释为主的传统规则，发展到20世纪末霍夫曼勋爵提出的现代规则，再发展为21世纪对传统规则的回归和对构建新规则的尝试。本文将着眼于普通法下的合同解释规则的发展脉络，结合海商事领域，梳理其演变的过程，究其演变的内在规律，尝试阐明未来海商事合同解释规则在普通法下的合理发展路径。

Abstract: It is undeniable that the field of maritime affairs has its special involvement and professionalism. However, as US Justice Staughton said in his lecture on the interpretation rules of maritime affairs contracts in New York University Law School, there is no fundamental difference between interpretation of maritime contracts and interpretation of any other kind of contract. This article will focus on the common law rules of contract interpretation of development, from the traditional rules to modern rules, to explore the new development of rules, combined with the maritime field, sort out the process of evolution, investigate its inherent law of evolution, trying to clarify the future maritime matter under the common law of contract interpretation rules and reasonable development path.