肺癌恶性胸腔积液的治疗现状与进展

Current Status and Progress in the Treatment of Malignant Pleural Effusion in Lung Cancer

摘要: 肺癌恶性胸腔积液是常见临床并发症，治疗方案选择和效果一直备受关注。本综述总结了肺癌恶性胸腔积液的治疗现状和进展，并展望了未来发展趋势。传统治疗包括胸腔穿刺、胸腔置管引流、化疗和放疗等，但有局限性。近年来，免疫治疗、靶向治疗、胸部热灌注治疗、热消融和封闭疗法、液体活检等创新技术不断涌现。个体化治疗将基于患者的分子特征和疾病状态选择最合适的治疗方案。多模式治疗将结合不同治疗方法，提高治疗效果。创新技术应用将推动液体活检、基因测序和影像引导技术的发展，提高诊断和治疗精准性。然而，药物耐药性、个体差异性和治疗安全性等仍是挑战。未来的研究应深入了解肺癌的分子机制和肿瘤微环境，寻找更多治疗靶点和新药物，加强个体化医疗应用，并进行临床试验和大规模研究评估不同治疗方法的疗效和安全性。多学科合作促进治疗方法综合应用，实现个体化、综合化的治疗策略。综合而言，肺癌恶性胸腔积液治疗的未来发展将集中在个体化治疗、多模式治疗和创新技术应用上，以提供更好的治疗效果和生存率。

Abstract: Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) in lung cancer is a common clinical complication that has garnered considerable attention regarding treatment strategies and outcomes. This review summarizes the current status and progress in the treatment of MPE in lung cancer and provides insights into fu-ture development trends. Traditional treatments, such as thoracentesis, chest tube drainage, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have limitations. However, in recent years, innovative techniques have emerged, including immunotherapy, targeted therapy, thoracic hyperthermic perfusion, thermal ablation and occlusion therapy, and liquid biopsy. Personalized therapy will be based on the molecular characteristics of patients and the status of their disease to select the most suitable treatment approach. Multimodal therapy will combine different treatment methods to improve treatment efficacy. The application of innovative techniques will drive the development of liquid biopsies, gene sequencing, and image-guided technologies to enhance diagnostic and treatment precision. Nevertheless, challenges, such as drug resistance, individual variability, and treatment safety, remain. Future research should deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of lung cancer and the tumor microenvironment, identify more therapeutic targets and novel drugs, strengthen the application of personalized medicine, and conduct clinical trials and large-scale studies to assess the efficacy and safety of different treatment modalities. Multidisciplinary collab-oration will promote the integrated use of treatment methods to achieve individualized and com-prehensive treatment strategies. In conclusion, the future development of the treatment of MPE in lung cancer will focus on personalized therapy, multimodal treatment, and the application of inno-vative technologies to provide better treatment outcomes and survival rates.