家庭老年照料对子女照料者身心健康的影响研究

Study on the Influence of Family Elderly Care on the Physical and Mental Health of Child Caregivers

摘要: 本文基于CHARLS 2018数据，探讨家庭老年照料与子女照料者身心健康之间的关系。研究发现：第一，照料老年父母会损害子女照料者的身体健康和心理健康，对于子女照料者而言，照料老年父母将使其身体健康的概率下降9.2%，并使其抑郁的概率上升12.3%。第二，家庭老年照料不利于子女照料者的身心健康，且这种影响存在城乡差异，对于农村的子女照料者而言，家庭老年照料显著降低其身体健康与心理健康水平；而对于城镇子女照料者而言，家庭老年照料仅显著降低其心理健康水平。一方面，政府应充分考虑家庭的照料需求，根据不同照料者的实际情况，制定面向家庭及其成员的一系列支持性政策；另一方面，也要加强对家庭照料者的支持，对其进行家庭护理技能的培训，并为从事照料活动的家庭照料者提供心理治疗、喘息服务等帮助，来减轻照料活动对健康造成的负面影响，提升家庭照料效果。

Abstract: Based on CHARLS 2018 data, this paper explores the relationship between family elderly care and the physical and mental health of child caregivers. The study found that: First, caring for elderly parents can damage the physical and mental health of child caregivers, for child caregivers, caring for elderly parents will reduce the probability of physical health by 9.2%, and increase the proba-bility of depression by 12.3%. Second, family elderly care is not conducive to the physical and men-tal health of child caregivers, and the impact is different between urban and rural areas. For rural child caregivers, family elderly care significantly reduces their physical and mental health levels; For urban child caretakers, family elderly care only significantly reduced their mental health level. On the one hand, the government should give full consideration to the care needs of families and formulate a series of supportive policies for families and their members according to the actual sit-uation of different caregivers. On the other hand, it is also necessary to strengthen the support for family caregivers, train them in family nursing skills, and provide psychological treatment, breath-ing services and other help for family caregivers engaged in nursing activities, so as to reduce the negative impact of nursing activities on health and improve the effect of family care.